Civil war in Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civil struggle in Africa - Research Paper ExampleWarlords and governance can no longer rely on an ideological basis for civilised war financing since the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Natural resources are asserts that sustain activities of both rebel movements and justice movements set to counter them (Collier & Hoeffler, 2000). Congo has divers(prenominal) and abundant minerals that include gold and copper. The locals do non benefit from these minerals, as those that benefit have not done any useful investment in the country. Foreigners have persistently found local collaborators to trade the massive possessions of the continent. Civil war broke as movements purported to protect the masses from the monopoly of the rulers and their overseas business associate (Nzongola-Ntalaja, 2004). Interference from outside countries, like USA and Soviet Union has also light-emitting diode to civil wars in the African continent the Cold War is a significant component in aggravation o f civil war in Africa. Each power militarized different African states and took part in destabilizing their governments political legitimacy. Governments in Ethiopia, Somalia, and Zaire depended on Cold War finance sustain their legions dominance. This competition for supremacy motivated a scramble for power among different sponsored movements in different African states (Cramer, 2006 Ndikumana & Emizet, 2005). ... The powers went as far as offering arms and genteelness to groups to provide them and edge in waging war over their rivals. A large number of African civil war protagonists received military training from countries like Russia, Israel, USA, and the Soviet Union (Kinzer, 2008) Extend of Western countries contribution to civil wars can be as far as assassination of some of the African leaders. There are accusation against western countries for sanction assassinations of African political leaders such as Eduardo Mondlane and Patrice Lumumba, Dag Hammarskjold and Samora Ma rcel (Akaki, 2008 De Witt, 2001). This assassination has contributed to civil wars in Africa as various political groups plunk each other for the death of these leaders. The power vacuum in place leads to scramble for the vacant leadership position. High prevalence of civil wars in Africa is accredited to the pagan variety of its people. This inference seems self-evident to many, given that. Rebel movements in Africa are most of the times ethnically oriented. Divisions in terms of ethnic orientation and the hatred that comes with it are thus among the cause of violent bout in African continent (Elbadawi & Sambanis, 2000). Settlement former slaves in Liberia can also be to blame for of civil unrest in the country. The freed slaves prevented those from indigenous community from taking up political leadership positions moreover, thefreed slaves legal opinion of themselves as a progressive group. They saw indigenous Africans as heathens and savages. Liberians from America, adopted a racist opinion they experienced in the west at the time, which tagged indigenous Africans as primitive people. Such attitudes led to frequent friction among the groups, which

In what ways did the railways of the subcontinent alter the Essay

In what slipway did the railways of the subcontinent alter the relationship of Indians to their surroundings - Essay Example13).The pressure for building railways in India came from London in 1840s. The reason for that was so the economies of the twain countries would be intermeshed. The Indian Railway Association was formed by Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy and Hon. Jaganath Shunkerseth in 1845. The Association was eventually incorporated into the Great Indian Peninsula Railway and the two formers became the only two Indians among the ten dollar bill directors. The first train move in India was between Bombay and Thane on the 16th of April in 1853 (Rothermund, H.U. 1993, p. 28).Shankarseth participated in this journey which involved a fourteen carriage long train drawn by three locomotives. The locomotives were cognise as Sultan, Sindh and Sahib. The train was around twenty one miles in length and took forty five proceedings approximately. A century after the introduction of railway lines in India, basic policies and ultimate management of the Indian Railways came from London. Every decision made had to come from London. This means that the British had a huge role in the ways the railways of the subcontinent affected the Indians and their surroundings. These effects were seen in the military front, economically and also politically (Crowley, H.U. 2011, p. 21).Robert Maitland Brereton was the British train responsible for the expansion of the railways from 1857. By 1864, the Calcutta-Allahabad-Delhi line was completed and the Allahabad-Jabalpur branch line opened in June 1867. These two were linked with the Great Indian Peninsula Railway courtesy of Brereton. This resulted in a combined network of sixer thousand four hundred kilometres making it possible to travel from Bombay to Calcutta directly via Allahabad. On 7th ring 1870 this route was officially opened (Narayanan, H.U. 2011, p. 23).The opening of this route was part of the inspiration for French write r Jules Vemes book Around the World in Eighty Days. The official opening ceremony was graced by the vicereine Lord Mayo who concluded

Read the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Read the instruction - Essay ExampleJames Madison assumes, in his confess opinion concerning the human nature that conclaves are strong in the propensity of humankind, such that humankind wad fall into mutual animosity where there is no any presentation of substantial occasion, in close frivolous and vivid distinctions, which have resulted to rekindling the unfriendly passions and the most violent conflicts between the two. The federalist 10 is the most interest essays of James Madison, written in 1787. This essay talks to the highest degree the liberty, the role of the particularions, and the remedies and the extent to which the political relation should conquer the concerns that result from the factions. James Madison follows the description of the factions as the group of citizens that either mounts to the majority or as the minority of the whole citizens, united and prompted by a common interest concerning the rights of the citizens or based on the common interest of the society. Madison interest is majorly on the political and social insecurity caused by the inverse factions this implies that Madison has to discover the core structure of the government as a whole. His interest id to discover the beaver structure of a government that will be able to provide remedies for this faction thusly he came up with the Federalists 10, which Madison found to provide the best remedy (Hrebenar, and Bryson 41). James Madison bases his arguments on the effect of the factions and he says that the effects of the factions and the case of liberty are the same thing (Hrebenar, and Bryson 40). Therefore, he opts to go about identifying the effects of the factions and looks forward to identify how the effects of the factions may be controlled. This is evident where he compares liberty to faction and he compares air to fire, he continues to say that none of the two exists without the existence of the other. However, it could not cause a lot of trouble to abolish liber ty, which is only important in politics and nourishes the faction rather. This brings out the fact that the factions are precise essential to the government and thus removing the factions means that the government would oppress some people, which is against what the government should be doing. He also sees that liberty and factions are very important aspects of the government and he comments that as far as the reasons for man to live are outlined and they have the liberty to exercise it, very various opinions will exist. Therefore, a healthy government is one, which allows expression of citizens, and on the other hand, the government ceases to be healthy incase the causes of factions affect it. However, James Madison suggests that the Republican structure of government can green goddess and tackle the issues concerning the causes of factions. The Republican mode of a government, as Madison suggests, is able to control the effects of factions more(prenominal) than the way the Demo cratic structure of government does. The Republican type of government made up of the representatives who endure out the beliefs and the passions of the majority of the citizens representing it. Both the Democrats and the Republicans make up the republic, the two groups, the Democrats, the Republicans cast many varied opinions, and thus they form factions. James Madison also suggests that the structure of the Republican form of government has the ability to keep back the rights of the minority and the rights of t

Health Insurance Costs Versus Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Insurance Costs Versus Privacy - Essay modellingIf such adjustments cannot be accommodated, CBD may revoke the job offer. This, however, should always be an absolute last resort. federal regulations illegalize CBD from discriminating against job applicants or workers based on their genetic information. CBD may test workers to decide if they have illegal drugs or alcohol or in their systems. The law prohibits them from testing employees genetic sensitivity to alcoholism or drug abuse (Mathiason, 2007). Wellness architectural plans such as the one proposed by owners of CBD in option two of their two- step program cannot be considered illegal by the law. A wellness program that renders an incentive conditioned on participation in a health program is not discriminative under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). However, the Act prohibits CBD health plans from discriminating based on a health factors such as health status, medical checkup condition, cl aim experience, receipt of health flush, and medical history. Examples include nicotine addiction and body mass index (Mathiason, 2007). Collective bargaining is where employers and employees negotiate agreements that regulate scathe of employment. Employees belong to a union that voices their interests. Collective bargaining in the automobile industry in join States has developed since 1930s. ... According to Block (2006), Ford and GM companies UAW negotiated wage increases by an average of 7.2% annually from 1961-1980 and change magnitude by 3.6% from 1985-2004. The union also negotiated for employment security, and this amounted to 5.9% to the hourly income paid by the companies. Following this, the union traded half(a) of its wage increase for job security guarantees. However, in 2005 and 2006, the union negotiations focused on health care and employment levels. This resulted to companies faced with the dilemma of paying for health care benefits of retirees. Health insuranc e was, therefore, not provided by non-U.S.-based firms opened in the mid-1980. In 2006- 2007, GM and Ford reflected this concern by providing health care benefits to industrious employees for the remainder of their employment contracts. Eventually, the two organizations drew a plan whereby they paid for health insurance of nimble employees and retirees. This has resulted in severe financial losses for automobile industries such as Ford and GM. Considering the Occupational preventative and Health Act, the general duties of first-line managers include providing safe areas of access and exit to locate of work, providing healthy and safe place of work, maintaining safe facilities, equipment and working areas and ensuring safe work systems. The first line managers checker management and other faculty members comply with their duties regarding safety and health regulations in the work place (Pomfret, 2006). On the other hand, finance managers ensure the company adopts and integrates an effective Occupational Safety and Health regulation Act. This leads to a sound investment and produces fine financial rewards for the company. They plan, organize, lead and control all

Collective bargaining report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Collective talk terms report - Assignment ExampleIt is estimable noting that, embodied bargaining is a recognized approach of creating a system of industrial jurisprudence. It acts as a method of introducing civil rights in the industry. It is vital to note that, this procedure enhances management by rules and diminishes management characterized by arbitrary decision-making. More over, joint bargaining is a proven procedure that aid in the system of regulations, which define and restrict the traditional authority exercised by the management. There are many benefits attributed to collective bargaining process2. They include chances of increasing the strength of the employees thence their bargaining capacity as a team. On the same note, this study establishes that, collective bargaining increases the self-esteem and productivity of the workforce3. Furthermore, it restrains managements freedom for arbitrary and biased actions against the employees. In addition, collective bargai ning has played a fundamental role in ensuring that, fair small town of the workers grievances is secured. This is possible through the provision of a flexible approach for the adjustment of wages and employment conditions to scotch and technological changes in the business. This is owing to the reduced chances for conflicts4. On the side of the employers, collective bargaining aid in easier resolving of issues at the bargaining point rather than taking up complaints of individual employees. In addition, collective bargaining widens the channel of communication amid the employees and thereby reducing the cost of labour turnover to management consequently increases employee involvement in decision-making. Furthermore, collective bargaining is fundamental in resolving industrial disputes. Besides benefits of collective bargaining towards both the employee and the employer, this study examines the gains of collective bargaining attributed to the society. The society gains in terms of industrial ataraxis stability in the solid ground. More over, it facilitates the establishment of a harmonious industrial climate that aid the country to grow economically and socially. Another significant benefit credited to collective bargaining to the society involves unceasing check of workers exploitation and discrimination. The process of duologue and substance bargaining is complex since it entails numerous stages, which sometimes remain derailed due to disagreements and conditions. Evaluation and selection strategy A negotiation process starts with military rating and selection of a strategy, which is intended to guide the problem solving5. This normally involves diverse approaches or procedures of mediation or arbitration. Making contact with other parties The second stage involves making contact with the other party or parties this stage enhances building of personal credibility and promoting commitment tot he procedures set. Collection and analysis of backcloth info rmation The third stage involves the collection and analyzing the background information. The relevant information collected is fundamental in understanding the dynamism exhibited by the participants. In addition, it enhances verification of the data accuracy and minimizes unavailable data. Designing of the negotiation plan The fourth stage involves designing of a detailed plan for negotiation. This