Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution Essay

Water pollution is caused by emission of domestic or urban sewage, agricultural waste, pollutants and industrial effluents into water bodies. Nowadays, its main source is the waste material discharged by industrial units. Waste materials like acids, alkalies, toxic metals, oil, grease, dyes, pesticides and even radioactive materials are poured into the water bodies by many industrial units. Some other important pollutants include polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds, lubricants and hot water discharged by power plants. The pollutants unloaded into the water bodies usually dissolve or remain suspended in water. Sometimes, they also accumulate on the bottom of the water bodies. Another important pollutant, that can endanger marine life, is the oil spilled by oil tanks. As per the estimates of the United Nations, 1. 3 million barrels of oils are spilled annually into the Persian Gulf, and about 285 million gallons are spilled into the oceans every year. In the United States, the industries contribute to more than half of the total water pollution. The industrial effluents contain pollutants like asbestos, phosphates, mercury, lead, nitrates, sulfur, sulfuric acid, oil and many other poisonous materials. In many countries, industrial water is not treated adequately before discharging it into rivers or lakes. This is particularly true in the case of small-scale industries that do not have sufficient capital to invest in pollution control equipment. In many instances, the researches and studies carried out to determine the toxicity of these pollutants are focused on the individual effect of the toxic elements. Therefore, sometimes these researches lead to an underestimation of the total toxicity of these harmful materials. Besides, their toxicity is assessed with the help of tests carried out on bacteria, which also fails to take into account the accurate toxic effects on other organisms. These harmful pollutants are a major contributor to many grave diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, hepatitis, dysentery and salmonellosis. Besides, many of the pollutants are also carcinogenic i. e. they can cause cancer. Some pollutants like sodium can cause cardiovascular diseases, while mercury and lead cause nervous disorders. DDT is another toxic material which can cause chromosomal changes. Excess fluoride in water may damage the spinal cord, while arsenic can cause significant damage to the liver and the nervous system. In addition to all these, organic compounds present in the polluted water facilitate the growth of algae and other weeds, which in turn use more oxygen dissolved in the water. This reduces the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water and the consequent shortage of oxygen for other aquatic life. In recent times, to control the menace of water pollution, various legislations have been introduced by different countries. The legislations undertaken by the United States include Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1972), the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (1972) and the Safe Drinking Water Act (1974). Besides, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act was also amended in 1988. For the success of these legislations, cooperation of the citizens and industrial units is an important prerequisite. In addition to the enforcement and proper use of these rules and regulations, availability of efficient and cheaper pollution control techniques is also required to tackle the threat posed by water pollution.

Competency Statement to Support Social and Emotional Development and to Provide Positive Guidance

Social Development and Emotional Development goes hand and hand. They are closely related . Social development refers to the young child feelings about himself or herself, the people in his or her life, and the environment in which they play and lives. Emotional developments color the experience of every young child mood. At our center we provide social and emotional security for each child. I help each child to know, accept and take pride in him or herself and to develop a sense of independence. In our preschool class we treat each child as an individual. All children have different rates of development and different personalities. As a teacher I show the children that I am very concern about them and their feeling and this helps children during their discuss times. Every morning I greet the child and their parent, I receive and give hugs too each child upon arriving and departure. In my classroom I respond quickly and calmly when children are having a disagreement, children tend to look too the teacher to help solve the disagreement. Responding quickly also help children from hurting other. (For example; John and Bob were playing car, at the block center, John wanted the car that Bob had bob would let John see the car so John took the car from Bob and hit him. I went over to John and said your friend is sad because you hit him and took his car, we do not treat our friends like that we have too learn too share and keep our hand by our side, and do you remember the book we read about hitting our friends and how that makes they sad. Also John you must learn too use you words â€Å"my turn please†. When children are unhappy because something has change in their life I like too find a book too read too cheer them up. Their were two best friends but one had to moved too another school. The friend that was left was so sad so I asked the class too share ideas of things that we could do too cheer him up. The children wanted me too read a book; I read a book about Feeling, as I read I was pointing at the different facial expression. I encourage the class too draw pictures that reflect the boys feeling and picture that would cheer him up Sharing is something we practice everyday what ever they are playing with becomes mines, mines and mines my class has a hard time sharing to encourages sharing we play lots of activities with four at each tables, for instance we do board games, art activities, we pair up and share a book, table tubs, outside we take turn riding the bikes, and sharing the balls. It is important that we use all of our resources to develop our children social and emotional skill teaching them how to interact and share with other peers.

American Presidency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

American Presidency - Essay Example While this makes the presidency smooth to function, it also creates a fault line between the presidency and the other arms of the government, making the sharing of power by these three arms of the government more difficult. Needless to say, synergetic functioning of these three arms of the government is important because of a number of issues. First, the presidency is the only part of the government that is held by one individual and in cases where the individual fails to hold this office in high esteem such as was the case with Richard Nixon’s presidency, there is likely to be a very big damage. Secondly, the presidency needs checks and balances to be in place to always make sure that the integrity of the government is maintained. This leads to a paradox where the executive privilege of the presidency is needed abut at the same time is the risk that this privilege may be abused by office holders. The only solution, therefore, is to create boundaries that define which aspects of the presidency can benefit from these presidential privileges. However, creating these boundaries may not be easy since the functions that the president plays on a daily basis are versatile and not easy to handle. There have been many situations where the issue of presidential executive privilege has been put to trial. One of the most significant of this was the Richard Nixon’s presidency during his trial after he was charged with abuse of the presidential office. The court ruled that although the office of the president enjoyed the presidential privilege, this privilege was not absolute. In this case, where the court feels that the presidential privilege has more negative implications than positive ones, it may require the peeling off of these privileges. A similar decision was reached in Bill Clinton’s time where the court decided that the number of advisers that the president can have who are

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Business Ethics - Essay Example The present study focuses on learning about the CSR activities of Starbucks Company and the different issues that the organization addresses. Starbucks and their CSR Efforts: The Starbucks Company was initiated in the year 1971 in Seattle when three friends Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker had opened up a small coffee shop. However there have been several changes over these years where the company experienced selling out and expansion processes before the position where it has reached now (Garza). Starbucks had always considered the fact that communities should be served at their best and hence such corporate social responsibilities were performed by the company ever since their coffee shop initiated (Being a Responsible Company, 2011). The company is committed to provide â€Å"good governance, ethical conduct and social responsibility† along with maintaining relationships with the stakeholders of the company (My Starbucks, n.d., p.10). The recent reports of CSR eff orts of Starbucks Company reflect their progress in several areas of work. The company’s recent commitments also include assisting the coffee farmers, and supporting communities and environments. Other commitments also include ethical sourcing of coffee, responsibility for the environments, involvement in community development, and practices in the workplaces. As studies reveal, the company is a leader in the industry as far as ethical sourcing of coffee is concerned, where the company has accomplished sustainable coffee, higher price payments, fair trade certified coffee, and Conservation International Collaboration addressing changed in climate. The company has also proved to be a leader in environmental responsibilities trying to focus on renewable energy, and green building. Relationships with customers and neighbors are also included as major responsibilities of the company (Starbucks Makes Corporate Social Responsibility Report Public, 2008). Thus the company’s e fforts on CSR can be found to be effective on maintaining the environments and communities as well as improving the image and reputation of the company. Stakeholders of Starbucks Company and Effects of the Company’s CSR on Them: The different stakeholder groups of the company that Starbucks need to consider while planning for their CSR activities include the employees of the company, the shareholders, the partner organizations, government and non government organizations, university student organizations and academic institutions, regional community groups, and the media (Reid, 2006). Strong relationships need to be built and maintained with these stakeholders thus implying the fact that the CSR activities of the company would have significant effects on these stakeholders. The Starbucks Company considers the needs and expectations of different stakeholders and accordingly communicates the CSR activities to them. For stakeholders like the NGOs, the company tries to integrate the strategies, practices and operations focusing on a holistic approach towards solving different problems. The motives are ethical, economic, and legal. For investors or shareholders, the company has always tried to connect the values of the company with its performances, the motives being economic and ethical, also attempting to create values with the

Listening Without Resistance and Systems Thinking Research Paper

Listening Without Resistance and Systems Thinking - Research Paper Example In addition, I have been judging the accent of the other party in the conversation. I have been thinking that people who have great accent are less literate. This has been making me get less keen when listening to them. Conversations I have had in the past weeks were just discussions. Discussion is listening without a desire to be changed by the conversation (Mozdzierz, 2009). A dialogue, on the other hand, is a special way of conversation in which one is willing to be influenced by the conversation (Robinson & Rose, 2007). The conversations I have had in the past weeks could not fit to be called dialogue. This is because of my behavior of choosing not to be keen when the other party in a conversation had an accent, pronunciation problem or spoke less audibly. In most cases, my actions were either partially or completely withdrawing myself from the conversation. Therefore, I have done more of discussion than dialogue. Conversations could be easily converted to dialogue using several advantage points. One of the points is completing the features of a conversation. According to Nikulin (2010), this could be done by personal voice, unfinalizability, and allosensus. Another point is asking for clarifications during the conversation. This could increase someone’s attentiveness on the conversation. As a result, the conversation would have a great influence on the person and thus converted into a dialogue. The other point is reframing the message communicated during a conversation. This could avoid negative reactions and judgments made during conversations. As a result, the conversation would have a great influence on the parties involved and thus it would have been converted to a dialogue. System thinking is one of the five disciplines defined by Senge to guide activities of a learning organization. According to Wyk (2003), system thinking could be conceptualized as a tool for making complex patterns in a learning organization much

Global Issues in Youth and Community Development Essay

Global Issues in Youth and Community Development - Essay Example One of the ways this is achieved is through enhancement of local-global development themes that can be practiced locally through learning from the larger global context; this is particularly because globalization has transformed the world into a ‘global village’ (Sallah, 2014, p.6). Technological developments in communication now enables youth across the world to learn from each other and interact in real time through social networks and other platforms that are increasingly being used to enhance community development education (Bourn and McCollum, 1995, p.26). The main theme under discussion in this paper and for which an education manual will be prepared is self-enhancement of youth through small and micro enterprise. Self-enhancement of youth through enterprise is a theme that has been promoted and encouraged in the local and global contexts in many countries across the globe (Bourn, 2008, p.11). As indicated above, many programs and projects continue to emerge in both developed and developing countries across the world with the aim of streamlining the energy and innovativeness of youth towards socio-economic development (Cohen et al., 2013). Globalization and the internet have brought about the concept of the ‘global village’, this is based on the fact that is now possible for communication to take place between people globally in real time. Young people can therefore be able to learn what their peers are doing at the local level in other parts of the world while they are also able to share their activities through the sam e channel to a global audience (Sallah, 2014, p.8). This implies that youth can learn from each other globally as well as locally with regard to development of small and micro enterprises for their socio-economic enhancement and advancement of their communities. Youth self-enhancement through enterprise is a significantly useful theme as it targets the most active and viable portion of

Public policy problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public policy problem - Essay Example Generally speaking, a person is considered obese when that individual has more body fat than is considered healthy for their particular age, height and gender. Though obesity is normally only regarded as a grown-up problem, their kids face even greater risks associated with the condition. While other types of physical conditions may be easier for children to hide under their clothing or to mask in various ways, obesity is impossible to hide under clothing and too often leads to them being teased or otherwise tormented by cruel jokes by their misunderstanding schoolmates. The disapproving stares and negative looks from other adults and children greet them every time they meet another set of eyes. This often unconscious response on the part of other people can contribute to severe emotional damage that often lasts a lifetime. Even when the excess weight is lost, these psychological scars can drastically impact the child’s ability to achieve the level of fulfillment and happiness that should be every child’s right. The physical consequences of obesity are also unacceptably extensive. It is widely acknowledged that obesity can significantly lower life expectancy despite the person’s age. With obesity now accepted as being at pandemic proportions, it is of supreme importance to identify the common causes of obesity as well as the most effective methods of treating it to help children overcome the social and personal drawbacks of being overweight. One of the most disturbing features of obesity is its close association with more than 30 adverse health conditions and countless psychological ramifications. Increasingly, younger persons are starting to experience arthritis of the hips, back, hands and knees as a result of the long-term misuse their bodily systems must endure. The possibility of breast cancer is doubled for people who are obese as compared to people who maintain a somewhat stable weight as an adult or ‘normal’ weight as a child. Other cancers such as esophageal, gastric, endometrial and colorectal cancers are also much more common among the obese, even those at younger ages. It seems pointless to list the elevated risk of cardiovascular disease because of obesities direct correlation with higher levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream which blocks arteries of the heart (â€Å"Health Effects†, 2002). This problem is aggravated in obese persons due to their veins being more constricted. This has the effect of impeding oxygen transmission to bodily tissues and provoking complaints of sleepiness, general fatigue and breathing problems. Predictably, all of these side effects and other associated risks of obesity or just being overweight have a negative impact on a child’s rate of growth and their general ability to develop. â€Å"Even for children, obesity can increase the risk of stroke and hypertension, a statistic supported by the fact that more than 75 percent of people who suffer fro m hypertension are obese†